Opium Production In Afghanistan Reaches Highest Level In 2013

Afghanistan's opium production surged to record levels this year - making a mockery of Tony Blair's key argument for invading the country.

Cutting the supply of heroin, which is made from opium, was one of the main reasons given by then-prime minister Mr Blair in 2001 for sending in British troops.

But despite international efforts over the past decade to wean the country off the narcotics trade, the May harvest of opium was 49 per cent higher than last year.

That month alone produced a staggering 6,060 tons of the drug, more than the combined output of the rest of the world, according to a U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report.

In a passionate speech three weeks after the 9/11 attacks, Mr Blair said: ‘The arms the Taliban are buying today are paid for by the lives of young British people buying their drugs on British streets. 

'This is another part of their regime we should seek to destroy.’

But despite Britain spending billions of pounds and a conflict which has cost hundreds of lives, today's figures showed that even Afghan provinces with some past successes in combating poppy cultivation had seen those trends reversed.

The withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan next year is likely to make matters even worse, said Jean-Luc Lemahieu, the UNODC regional representative in Kabul.

He warned that as international assistance falls off, the Afghan government will become increasingly reliant on illicit sources of income. 

Uncertainty is also driving up poppy production, as farmers worried about the country's future turn to the tried and true.

The big increase in production began in 2010 when farmers rushed to plant to take advantage of soaring prices, a result of a crop disease the previous year, the U.S. military surge in the south and the announcement of the U.S. and NATO's transition out of Afghanistan, Lemahieu told The Associated Press.

Lemahieu said those who benefit from the drug trade include farmers, insurgents and many within the government. Often, he said, they work together.

Khan Bacha, who cultivates a small plot of land in eastern Nangarhar province, a Taliban stronghold, told the AP this week that the insurgents charge farmers a 'religious tax' of one kilogram of opium for every 10 kilograms produced - though the price is 'negotiable.'

'They say we are going for jihad,' Bacha said. 'It is the God money we give.'

Past attempts by the international community to combat opium cultivation have included introducing alternative crops and paying farmers in some areas not to plant poppies. 

That backfired when farmers elsewhere started growing poppies in the hopes of getting money if they stopped.

Cultivation also appears to be spreading to new parts of the country - with Afghans planting poppies in some 209,000 hectares (516,450 acres) across 17 provinces this year, compared with 154,000 hectares (380,540 acres) in 15 provinces in 2012, according to the report.

The vast majority of Afghanistan's poppy cultivation takes place in the south, southwest and east, areas where the Taliban insurgency is thriving. But Kabul province in central Afghanistan saw a major spike: a 148 percent increase in cultivation between 2012 and 2013.

But it wasn't all bad news in the report, which said Afghanistan has expanded its social services to deal with a growing addiction problem at home.

'These are tangible and hopeful signs of improvement,' the report said.